Kamma is action; vipáka is result. Therefore kamma is the active principle; vipáka is the passive mode of coming-to-be.

A collection of essays by five different authors that explain actions and results and how this understanding plays a role in cultivating the Buddha path. The essays are:

1. Action — Francis Story
2. Kamma and Causality — Francis Story
3. Action and Reaction in Buddhist Teachings — Leonard A. Bullen
4. Questions and Answers about Kamma and its Fruit — Nina von Gorkom
5. Kamma and Freedom — Francis Story
6. Collective Karma — Francis Story
7. Reflection on Kamma and its Fruit — Nyanaponika Thera
8. Karma: The Ripening Fruit — Bhikkhu Ñāṇajīvako.